• The CL1 Device: Cortical Labs grew human neurons derived from stem cells on a silicon microchip embedded with microelectrodes. • Sensory Translation: A software interface translates visual data from Doom (like the appearance of an enemy or a wall) into electrical stimulation patterns sent to specific electrodes on the chip. • Action and Feedback: The brain cells fire electrical signals back in response, which are translated into game actions like moving or shooting. Correct gameplay actions receive clean, predictable electrical signals, while errors or deaths trigger chaotic, noisy feedback that the neurons naturally try to avoid.